moat; fosse; canal; ditch
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
proceeding to the capital (Tokyo)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Kansai; region consisting of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and surrounding prefectures; Kansai; south-western half of Japan (during the feudal era)
in that way; thus; so; so?
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
shoe store; shoe shop; shoemaker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
league; federation; union; alliance
meeting; assembly; association; conjunction
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
filial piety; being kind to one's parents; taking care of one's parents
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
formal marriage interview
flag; tag indicating a future role or status for a character in anime, games, etc. (e.g. death, love, survival)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
for the present; for the time being; for a while (from now); for some time (to come)
living only for one's work; a life with no other interest than one's work