indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
first class; first rank; one degree; one level; most; best
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
yen (currency of Japan); circle
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
winning ticket (in a lottery, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to change direction (of policy, etc.); (lit.) to turn the rudder (of a ship)
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
beginning; outset; first; onset
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)