indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
first class; first rank; one degree; one level; most; best
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
winning ticket (in a lottery, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to turn the rudder of a ship; to change direction (of policy, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
person with whom one is having an illicit love affair
parting; separation; farewell
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold