indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
first class; first rank; one degree; one level; most; best
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
yen (currency of Japan); circle
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
winning ticket (in a lottery, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to change direction (of policy, etc.); (lit.) to turn the rudder (of a ship)
(another's) daughter; young lady
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
opposite; reverse; contrary; front and back; parallel to; back to back
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
weariness; fatigue; languor; boredom; tedium; ennui
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on; to wear; to be clothed in; to be clad in; to be dressed in; to be wrapped in
to leave as is; to ignore
earnest; sincere; pressing; urgent; pertinent; appropriate
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)