to spout out; to spurt out; to sprout; to bud; to burst into laughter; to blow (smoke, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to lose (money, etc.); to waste one's (time, etc.); to have one's efforts come to naught
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
in that way; thus; so; so?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on