cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
putting one's heart and soul into each pitch
timid; weak-kneed; fainthearted; bearish (e.g. market)
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
classical school or style (e.g. of music, baseball pitching, etc.); orthodox school; authentic style; purist; follower of the orthodox school
female high-school student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
sorry; excuse me; thank you
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
living thing; organism; creature; biology
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that