indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
bento; Japanese box lunch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
than; from; out of; except; but; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
name; given name; first name
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal