close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get complicated; to grow worse; to turn sour
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
future (usually near); prospects
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to fulfill one's responsibilities
now; the present time; just now; another; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to go against; to fight against; to oppose; to resist; to deny
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
end; close; finish; end of play (in go)
consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny; discussion
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold