source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
north face; north side; the north; facing north
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
retired emperor; ex-emperor; former emperor; emperor emeritus
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to serve; to work for; to attend
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
watching (esp. during an emergency); being on alert; guard; watchmen
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good family; respectable family; decent family
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
being accomplished in both the literary and military arts; doing well in both school and sports
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
attractive face and figure
warrior; soldier; samurai; government official serving the imperial court during the Nara period
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
Chōshō era (1132.8.11-1135.4.27)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
villainous; rascally; knavish; (arch.) independent; (arch.) self-reliant
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip
early; right away; at once; early time; early stage (in one's life, etc.)