indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
split; division; break up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
Hōgen era (1156.4.27-1159.4.20)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
high-ranking court noble; senior court official; kugyō; three lords and nine ministers (of the ancient Chinese government)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
rule; government; administration
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ambition; aspiration; sinister designs; treachery
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to join hands together; to join forces; to collaborate
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
decapitation; decapitated head
to order; to command; to appoint
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
coming; going; being (somewhere); (please) come; go; stay
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to say; to be called; to do
armed might; military power; the sword; force
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
financial power; financial means; wealth
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
strong arm; stout arm; ability to carry out a difficult job; capable person