popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
as you see; as you can see
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
sneakily; secretly; stealthily; on the sly
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
great depth; bottomless; great height
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
studying abroad; studying at a different school, etc. (usu. for a specific purpose)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to go out and away; to leave
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?