liver; innards; courage; spirit; crux; essential point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
please (give me); please (do for me)
first (of its kind) in Japan
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
soon; before long; shortly; close (by); near; nearby
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
Kumamoto (city, prefecture)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
tenth day of the month; ten days
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question