pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
with a rosy future; offering promising prospects
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
revival; resuscitation; revitalization; rejuvenation; regeneration
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
liver; innards; courage; spirit; crux; essential point
liver; innards; courage; spirit; crux; essential point
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
surgery; department of surgery (hospital, etc.)
ultimate; final; last; eventual
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement