indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
evolution; evolution; becoming more advanced; progress
to meet (the enemy) and attack; to engage (the approaching enemy); to confront; to intercept
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to bite into; to sink one's teeth into
all; entire; whole; altogether
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
remind me; I forget; was it?; was that what happened?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
by myself; in person; by oneself
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
closing of a school; closed school
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed