indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
pleasant feeling; good vibes
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become hungry; to get an empty stomach
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hello; good day; good afternoon
express home delivery service; express home delivery parcel (box, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; indifferent; half-hearted; dispirited
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
suffix for familiar person
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)