indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
... years old; age (of) ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
evolution; evolution; becoming more advanced; progress
to meet (the enemy) and attack; to engage (the approaching enemy); to confront; to intercept
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to bite into; to sink one's teeth into
stock company; corporation; kabushiki kaisha; KK
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; when it comes to ...; as for ...; why don't you ...; why not ...
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
have a good day; take care; see you
before I knew it; next thing you know; when I came to; all of a sudden
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight