indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to steal; to rob; to take away
step; stride; counter for steps
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outside of one's area of expertise; outside one's field
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
person concerned; interested party; related party
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
settlement; solution; resolution
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (someone) for advice
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be mistaken; to be incorrect; to make a mistake (in); to do incorrectly; to mistake (one thing with another); to confuse
exactly; precisely; closely; tightly; properly; without fail
by myself; in person; by oneself
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo