indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
step; stride; counter for steps
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
is that so?; I see; right; oh
then; well; so; well then
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled; to be granted; to be answered (of a prayer); to be requited (of love)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be worried; to be troubled
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
leaving (a decision, job, etc.) to someone else; entrusting; leaving the choice of a meal to the chef; omakase
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
we; us; I; me; my store (business, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
disappointed love; broken heart; unrequited love; being lovelorn
insurance; guarantee; warranty
confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.); admission; professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love; profession (of faith); confession (of sins)
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
pushing; support; backing; pushing from behind (a cart, etc.); pusher
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; provided that
joining (a club, organization, etc.); becoming a member; entry; admission; subscription; affiliation
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when