steam; vapour; vapor; steamboat; steam locomotive
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to fall flat; to collapse in a heap
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
sponsorship (i.e. conducting under one's auspices); promotion; organizing; organising; hosting; staging
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairman; presenter; host
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
overall victory; championship
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze; to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice); to extort
extinguishing a fire; (Edo-period) fireman
leader of a crime syndicate's henchmen; young leading subordinate in yakuza group
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
coward; weakling; scaredy cat; wimp; sissy