previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
purple; violet; purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon); red gromwell; soy sauce
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
genuine article; real thing; real deal
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara; Edo period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; lord steward (formerly the fifth court rank)
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
healthy; robust; strong; solid; durable
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
dyeing; dyed goods; goods to be dyed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
all; entire; whole; altogether
pitch-black; jet-black; strongly tanned; deeply sunburnt; sooty; black with dirt
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing; one's work
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker