previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
steam; vapour; vapor; steamboat; steam locomotive
strength; power; proficiency; ability
launch (of a rocket, satellite, etc.); lift-off; end (of a project, theatrical run, etc.); close; party to celebrate the successful completion of a project (run of performances, etc.); wrap party
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
love; love (in tennis, badminton, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
bitter (taste); sour (expression, look); bitter; bitter (e.g. experience); painful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
indicates emotion or exclamation; hey; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
purple; violet; purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon); red gromwell; soy sauce
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo