this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
sharing a table with someone you don't know (e.g. at a restaurant)
nature; spontaneity; natural airhead
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
(arch.) poor; (arch.) unskillful; (arch.) clumsy; I; me
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
presence (e.g. of an observer); observation; observer; trading session (at an exchange)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
knowing; (an) acquaintance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass (of time); to elapse
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
upper part; upper region; region above
appearance; look; a 'seeming' that fortune-tellers relate to one's fortune; aspect; phase (e.g. solid, liquid and gaseous)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
one color; one colour; one article; same tendency; everyone being caught up in the same thing
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
vegetables; (edible) greens; blueback (any fish with a bluish back, such as the Japanese sardine)
ascent; climbing; ascending (path); upbound (esp. toward Tokyo)
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
railing; guard rail; (arch.) (shining) brightly (of the moon or stars); (arch.) (flowing) endlessly (of tears)