"yoiyasa"; doo-doo-doo; dum-dum-dum; heave-ho; oof; ugh
westernization; westernisation
political rally; political meeting; political gathering
counting song; enumerative form (of waka)
(a) branch (of flowers); (a) cluster; (a) mass (of clouds)
Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom (Meiji era); Freedom and People's Rights Movement
abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures (1871)
reading (a text) aloud without trying to understand it
indiscriminate imitation; monkey see, monkey do; blind follower
to have gooseflesh (e.g. from cold or horror)
clanship; clannism; clan favoritism; clan favouritism
offering; presentation; donation
inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
makings (of); aptitude (for); groundwork; foundation
to fling off; to throw off; to cast aside; to abandon; to throw to the winds
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
modern state; modern nation
Saigou Takamori (1828.1.23-1877.9.24)
normal school (pre-war Japan); teachers' training college
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
pitiful; pathetic; painful to look at
foot soldier (Edo period); samurai on foot
ancestor who rejuvenated a dynasty or a family
suddenly; all at once; flaring up (in anger); in a flare
high-ranking retainer of a daimyo (Edo Period)
upon arrival of an item (items); as soon as one arrives
lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
civilization; civilisation; enlightenment