this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
lapis lazuli; lapis lazuli (color); beryl; mall blue passerine bird (esp. the blue-and-white flycatcher and the Siberian blue robin, but also the red-flanked bluetail); glass
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
dull; uninteresting; insignificant; unimportant; absurd; foolish
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
to be given the cold shoulder; to be jilted; to be rejected; to be dumped
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
east and west; Orient and Occident; East and West; ladies and gentlemen!; your attention, please!
former president of a company
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...