mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
suffix for familiar person
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
Yamagata (city, prefecture); mountain shape; chevron; cone
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to watch over; to watch attentively
man; male; masculine gender
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest