law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
certain; unmistaken; evident; obvious; beyond doubt
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to employ; to hire; to charter
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
management; administration; operation
directions; instructions; orders; command
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
frequently; repeatedly; eagerly; keenly; hard; terribly
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
very; extremely; extreme; excessive; splendid; impressive
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
internal or domestic affairs
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
saying "Ah!"; making one say "Ah!"; surprisingly; astonishingly
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
direct talks; direct negotiations; talking to somebody in person
intractable (diseases); hard to cure; rebellious; insurgent; refractory