Western school; school dedicated to the study of the West and Western languages (late Edo and Meiji periods)
distinction; differentiation; discrimination
accurate; exact; punctual; neat
intractable (diseases); hard to cure; rebellious; insurgent; refractory
hero; manly person; warrior
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
prefectural office (of Osaka or Kyoto)
edible chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria); crown daisy; garland chrysanthemum
bravery; valor; valour; military prowess
fighting to the death (with swords)
timetable (esp. a weekly school timetable); schedule
exemplar; model; example; pattern
to divide (by); to remove; to exclude
to cheer up; to be stirred up; to be encouraged (by); to be in high spirits
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
blunt (e.g. sword); dull; lazy; cowardly; good for nothing
drift (of snow, leaves, etc.); hangout for social dropouts
earthen walls (of fortification); earthwork; embankment
fifth degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale)
Buzen (former province located in the east of present-day Fukuoka and the north of Ōita prefectures)
to be given up; to be discontinued
losing initiative; being forestalled; second move (in go or shogi); moving second; rear guard
enemy of the emperor; rebel against the imperial government
all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations
fighting in numerous battles
to pull in; to take for oneself; to tuck up (one's sleeves)
quirk of fate; curious coincidence; happy chance
residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo
one army; whole army; first string players; the cool kids; the popular kids
tea-ceremony procedures; skill; dexterity; (arch.) you
Jin dynasty (of China; 265-420 CE); Chin dynasty