jpdb beta

Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)

1

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

2

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

113

solar calendar

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

136

introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

56

curtain; bunting; act (in play)

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

92

to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out

1

millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time

1

ancient city; former capital

1

Kyoto (city, prefecture)

18

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

2

civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)

3

wave; ups and downs

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

92

to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.)

1

bell; bel; B

2

multilayered; doubled

26

everyone; everybody; all; everything; all

5

morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning

1

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

23

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

6

source; origin; cause; beginning; genesis

1

do ...

1

pupil; student; schoolchild

11

teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder

15

good morning

1

good morning

1

blind female beggar who sings or plays shamisen

12

eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey

11

easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...

21

female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress

11

deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick

11

place; spot; grounds; arena; stadium; range

11

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

26

to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)

1

Japan

7

second (in a series)

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

83

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at

2

national; governmental

1

girls' school

3

live-in (e.g. job)

1

dormitory dean

4

as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...

3

to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate

2

tonight; this evening

1

consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice

1