confinement; imprisonment; incarceration
modernization; modernisation
to concern; to be related
opinion in writing; written opinion; argument
taking dictation; note-taking
woman; lady; adult female
at that time; in those days
novel; original; new; innovative
proposal; motion; recommendation
many; numerous; various; large number of
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
release; liberation; acquittal
adviser; advisor; consultant
assumption (of office); taking up (a post); inauguration; installation
relocation of the capital; transfer of the capital
ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
ability; capability; skill
to swing; to wield (physically); to exercise (e.g. power, ability); to exhibit; to flourish; to prosper
study; research; investigation
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
dense; thick; close (relationship); intimate; minute; fine
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
leader; guide; mentor; coach
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
transition to domestic production; import substitution
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to let someone drop by
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
adverse circumstances; adversity