indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
bombarding; shelling; bombardment
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
government forces; loyalist army
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
blind female beggar who sings or plays shamisen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
feudal retainer or warrior
autumn moon; harvest moon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?