escape; flight; breakout; fleeing; desertion
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
to stare fixedly at; to fix one's gaze on; to make sure of; to set one's eyes on (e.g. the future); to focus on
(many) mountains; very much (wanting to do something one cannot); greatly; so many; a lot of
Shinshū (alt. name of former Shinano province)
absorption; suction; attraction
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
Europe and America; the West
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
Takasugi Shinsaku (1839.9.27-1867.5.17)
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
foreign; abroad; overseas
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
development; exploitation
study; research; investigation
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
science and technology; scientific technique
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
young person; youth; young
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; background; behind the scenes
to collect; to assemble; to gather
(religious) faith; belief; creed
home area; home town; local
God; god; ace; king; superior person
establishment; foundation
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
house where one was born; one's parents' house
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
Sakuma Shouzan (1811-1864)
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
substitution; material; price; margin (e.g. for stapling, etc.); area required for something; (arch.) shiro (unit of land area equal to one-fiftieth of a tan; approx. 19.83 m.sq.)