head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
National Guard (esp. USA); National Guard member
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strategic point; crucial time; watershed; crunch
massing (of troops); gathering
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
group engaged in some activity (players, companies, forces, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
vindication of honour; vindication of honor; making up for loss; revenge
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to wait for one's chance; to wait for an opportunity
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
military forces; hosts; troops
quick; speedy; prompt; rapid; swift
cleaning up; sweeping up; mopping up
like this; this sort; this way
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
war; battle; match; game; competition
edict; ordinance; proclamation
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
disturbance; riot; mayhem
root; origin; source; Ōmoto (religion)
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)