alone; by oneself; unaccompanied; unaided; single-handed; without one's family
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
pluralizing suffix; nickname-forming suffix
to take (someone to a place); to take (someone) with one; to take along; to lead away
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
to do something distinguished; to perform great deeds; to distinguish oneself (e.g. in war)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to take away; to carry off
traitor (to one's country)
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
Genji era (1864.2.20-1865.4.7)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
2nd day of the month; two days
to play a leading role; to play a central part
setting on fire; setting afire
scheming; planning; maneuvering; manoeuvring; plotting
becoming clear; coming to light; being ascertained; being identified; being confirmed
each (feudal) domain; each fief
revere the Emperor, expel the (Western) barbarians
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
wherein; therein; thereinto; among which
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; the background; behind the scenes
in the same way; like; likewise; similarly
Sakuma Shouzan (1811-1864)
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
han school; school established by a daimyo for educating the children of the domain's retainers
day-by-day renewal; rapid progress
(large) building; public building; hall
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
hostility; antagonism; opposition
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
leader; authority; mainstay