indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
entrance (on the stage); appearance (in a book, film, etc.); appearance (on the scene); arrival (on the market); emergence
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
stillness; quiet; peacefulness
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
further; above (that); greater (than that); any more
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
pupil; student; schoolchild
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
about; on; regarding; per; for every
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)