indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
equation; formula; method for solving a problem; set way of achieving a particular result
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
father; dad; husband; you; he
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you (plural); all of you; you all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bright; intelligent; clever; smart
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
stillness; quiet; peacefulness
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
to delight; to give pleasure