immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
intricate; elaborate; complicated; complex
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
load; heavy burden; encumbrance; heavy freight; heavy responsibility
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
consequence; outcome; result; blame
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
misunderstanding; misapprehension; false impression; to be mistaken; to have the wrong idea
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time
unforeseen; unexpected; sudden; accidental
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
because of; owing to; due to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to build up; to complete; to construct; to make up; to fabricate; to invent