indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
rather; better; instead; if anything
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unwelcome favor; unwelcome favour; misplaced kindness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
step; stride; counter for steps
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
adds force or indicates command
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity