pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to translate; to interpret
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
scene; setting; scene (in a movie, play); shot; state of the market
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
book; volume; this; present; main; head
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
three (long cylindrical things); three-of-a-kind (in a dealt hand)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
carbonic acid; carbonated water; baking soda; sodium carbonate
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)