Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fine food; high-quality food; gourmet; epicure; gastronome
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competition in which there are several evenly matched participants; hotly contested game (match, market, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live through; to survive
heroic; fierce; grand; sublime; magnificent
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
smirkingly; broadly (grinning)
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such