Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fine food; high-quality food; gourmet; epicure; gastronome
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live through; to survive
grand; heroic; sublime; fierce
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
Takeda Shingen (1521.12.1-1573.5.13)
misdeed; wrongdoing; wickedness
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
resentment; indignation; anger
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
the height of folly; sheer stupidity
adds force or indicates command
setting on fire; setting afire
to lure out of; to decoy out of; to drive to (tears, sleep, etc.); to evoke (sympathy, etc.); (arch.) to abduct; (arch.) to entice out of
trying to think of a way (to); devising means (to); working out (how to do); contriving (to raise money); managing
in proportion to; according to; depending on
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
trick; trap; stratagem; intraoperative; during surgery
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
advantage; benefit; profit; interest