indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
innocent; chaste; naive; pure; unmixed; genuine
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to approach; to draw near; to gather (in one place); to come together; to stop by (while on one's way to another place); to drop by; to grow old
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill; check; bill; promissory note
conduit (pipe); water pipe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
suspension of water supply; water outage
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
research institute; (research) laboratory
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good