indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
cloth; tablecloth; wallpaper; wall fabric
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
European pear (Pyrus communis)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
sauce; Worcestershire sauce
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
opening and shutting; opening and closing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...