indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
liberalization of capital transactions
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do (something) before (something or someone else); to be ahead of (others, the times, etc.)
Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thousand years; thousand generations; thousand ages; eternity
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
rebuilding; reconstruction; rehabilitation; protoform reconstruction
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to make a circle around; to surround; to circle; to come around (of a season, anniversary, turn, etc.); to return
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
definite; final; decisive; conclusive
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
serviceman; servicewoman; soldier; member of the armed forces; military personnel
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
1000 ri; (a) long distance
existence; being; presence
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)