to be imminent; to loom; to be approaching; to be impending
liberalization of capital transactions
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reorganization; reorganisation; reshuffle
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
customer; client; client company; business connection; trade partner
thousand years; very long period; forever
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
business; trade; operations; sales
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
special duty; being in sole charge of a duty; senior managing director; executive director
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
rich country; national enrichment
merger (of companies, towns, etc.); combination; union; amalgamation; consolidation; coalition
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
managing director; executive director; routine business; regular business
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
independence; autonomy; self-reliance
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
route (bus, train, air, etc.); line; line (taken by a group, organization, etc.); policy; course
support; backing; endorsement; support; holding up; propping
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
wherein; therein; thereinto