Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
independent; unaffiliated; self-funding
oil; petroleum; kerosene; paraffin
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
oil; petroleum; oil; lubricant; (cooking) oil; (massage) oil; ointment
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
support; backing; aid; assistance
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
traitor (to one's country)
criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
war; battle; match; game; competition
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
close aide (of a powerful person); close associate; entourage; attendant; retainer
another company; other company
bidding price; price tendered
profit; advantage; benefit; rebirth in paradise, entering nirvana
successful bid; winning a tender
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like