Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
independent; unaffiliated; self-funding
oil; petroleum; kerosene; paraffin
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
oil; petroleum; oil; lubricant; (cooking) oil; (massage) oil; ointment
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
another company; other company
bidding price; price tendered
to concern; to be related
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to need; to call for; to require
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
close aide (of a powerful person); close associate; entourage; attendant; retainer
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
to install; to fit; to (manage to) obtain (someone's agreement, permission, etc.); to get; to patronize (a shop); to buy usually (from the same store)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
(national) capital (city); metropolis
Siberia; cake made with layers of sweet bean paste and sponge cake