about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
gliding; sliding; skating (on ice); taxiing; making a takeoff run
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
Formula One (form of motor racing); F1
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Tokyo Metropolis (prefecture); Tokyo metropolitan area
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
factory; plant; mill; workshop
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
gathering; meeting; assembly; collection; attendance
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
to polish; to shine; to burnish; to refine (a skill, etc.); to improve; to hone
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
such ... as; or some such
expertise; special skills
manufacturing; craftsmanship; making things by hand
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
small factory in town; (small) backstreet workshop
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise