this world; this life; world of the living
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
financial world; business circles
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
stage assistant dressed in black (in kabuki); stagehand; prompter; behind-the-scenes supporter; string-puller
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
for example; for instance; e.g.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-less; lacking; non-existing
(private) secretary; treasured book; secret book
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to feel like it; to get to think that way; to become so minded
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
acquisition (esp. corporate); buy-out; takeover; bribery; buying off; corruption
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
how many people; a number of people