grand chancellor (highest-ranking minister in ancient China); chief councillor; minister (Chinese-style title)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
why; how; for what reason
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bass range (in Japanese music); six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to erase; to rub out; to turn off (a light, TV, heater, etc.); to switch off; to extinguish (a fire, candle, etc.); to put out; to remove (a smell, pain, etc.)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
like-mindedness; (being of the) same mind; shared sentiment; comrade; fellow; kindred soul
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how; in what way; by what means
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
since one was born; (in) all one's life
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved