thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters); Japanese transverse bamboo flute (high-pitched; usu. with seven holes); sliver (strand of loose fibers)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
then; well; so; well then
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!